What is the role of Activated Charcoal in poisoning management?

• A. Absorbs ingested toxins
• B. Enhances renal excretion of lipophilic toxins
• C. Disrupts protein synthesis
• D. Induces vomiting

Answer: (A)

Activated charcoal works by adsorbing ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, binding them to its large surface area so they are not absorbed into the bloodstream. This reduces the toxin’s peak plasma concentration and limits systemic toxicity, making it helpful if given soon after ingestion. It is most effective for many organic poisons, but it isn’t useful for substances that charcoal binds poorly (such as alcohols, certain metals, caustics, hydrocarbons) or for toxins that have already been absorbed. It does not increase renal excretion and it should not be used to induce vomiting, since aspiration risk can worsen outcomes. Overall, its role is to decrease toxin absorption by keeping the substance in the gut.