Placenta covering the cervix describes which obstetric condition?

• A. Ectopic Pregnancy
• B. Abruptio Placenta
• C. Prolapsed Cord
• D. Placenta Previa

Answer: (D)

Placenta previa is when placental tissue implants in the lower part of the uterus and covers the internal opening of the cervix. This abnormal placement means the placenta sits across or very near the cervix, so as the cervix dilates or the uterus contracts, the placenta can bleed from the lower uterine segment without painful contractions, leading to painless vaginal bleeding in the third trimester. This presentation distinguishes it from other obstetric conditions: ectopic pregnancy involves implantation outside the uterus and typically presents with abdominal pain and often shock if rupture; abruptio placentae is premature placental separation from a normally located uterus and usually causes painful bleeding with a tender, firm uterus; prolapsed umbilical cord occurs when the cord slips below the presenting part after membranes rupture, risking cord compression and fetal distress. Because the placenta covers the cervix, vaginal delivery is often dangerous due to uncontrollable bleeding, so cesarean delivery is typically planned if placenta previa is present at term. Diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasound, which shows the placental edge crossing or covering the cervical os.