Beck Triad includes which of the following?

• A. Hypotension
• B. JVD
• C. Muffled heart sounds
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Beck's triad reflects the hemodynamic impact of a pericardial effusion compressing the heart and limiting its filling. When the heart can’t fill properly, cardiac output drops, causing low blood pressure. The impaired filling also raises venous pressure, so the jugular veins appear distended. The presence of fluid around the heart dampens the sounds heard with a stethoscope, making muffled heart sounds more noticeable. Together, these signs point to tamponade physiology, so all three features together are the best fit for this triad. Extra context: pulsus paradoxus may also be seen, reinforcing tamponade, though it’s not always present.