Which term refers to the disease affecting insulin regulation?

• A. Diabetes Mellitus
• B. DKA
• C. Insulin
• D. Glucagon

Answer: (A)

Diabetes mellitus is the condition that describes a problem with insulin regulation, either due to insufficient insulin production or reduced insulin effectiveness in the body. It encompasses both loss of insulin production (as in type 1) and insulin resistance with relative deficiency (as in type 2), leading to elevated blood glucose levels and a range of long-term complications. DKA is a dangerous acute complication that can occur when insulin is very low, but it’s not the disease itself. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that regulate blood sugar—insulin lowers blood glucose, while glucagon raises it—so neither of them names the disease.